Vocabulary and grammar for graphs with a trend.
Updated: December 20th 2022
In IELTS writing task 1 academic you must write a report about one of the following: a bar chart, a line graph, maps / floor plan, a table, a pie chart or a process diagram. In this post, I will look at describing a line graph and the type of grammar and vocabulary that is needed for this task.
This lesson will look at:
1. Vocabulary for describing a line graph
2. Useful grammar for this task
3. Example of a basic line graph
4. Gap-fill exercise
5. Further practice
Useful Vocabulary
| Nouns | Verbs |
|---|---|
| Upward movement a rise an increase a surge a growth a peak Quick changes a fluctuation a variation No Changes a period of stability a plateau Downward Movement a fall a decrease a decline a dip a drop | Upward movement to rise to increase to surge to grow to peak to skyrocket Quick Changes to fluctuate to vary Downward Movements to fall to decrease to decline to dip to dive to plunge |
| Useful Phrases for Task 1 reports |
|---|
| showed an upward trend / showed a downward trend hit the highest point / hit the lowest point reached a peak / showed some fluctuation / fluctuated wildly remained stable / remained static / remained unchanged /stayed constant reached a plateau / levelled off / flattened out the highest / the lowest / the second highest / the third highest compared to / compared with / relative to Example sentences: 1. Sales of ice cream flattened out toward the end of the period. 2. Sales of ice cream showed some fluctuation between 2000 and 2008. 3. Car export figures hit the lowest point in 2014. 4. The figure for CO2 emissions was the third highest among the four countries. 5. Coal exports showed a downward trend throughout the 10 year period. 6. The number of cars sold levelled off in the last part of the 20 year period. |
| Adverbs | Adjectives |
|---|---|
| sharply suddenly rapidly abruptly dramatically significantly steadily considerably markedly slightly gently gradually steeply Marginally | sharp sudden rapid abrupt dramatic significant steady considerable marked slight gentle gradual steep Marginal |
Collocations to describe trends (sample sentences)
1. There was a substantial increase in the value of stocks on March 15th.
2. House prices rose dramatically in July.
3. The number of tourists visiting New York fell sharply in October.
4. The number of students studying Economics rose gradually from 2001 to 2010.
5. There was a sharp increase in employee turnover after the strike.
6. Interest in environmental issues has risen steadily over the last 10 years.
7. The proportion of biofuels used in Germany in 2009 rose marginally from 30% to 32%.
Prepositions:
Prepositions are needed to describe dates and statistics and they must be used accurately. Click here for a more detailed lesson on how to use prepositions in writing task 1.
Dates
In December,
In 2005,
From 2001 to 2010,
By 1998,
Between 1965 and 1969
Over a ten year period
Numbers
An Increase of 25%.
Decreased by 10%.
Fell from 200 in July to 150 in August.
Dropped from 200 units to 120 units in a period of 6 months.
Rose sharply over a period of 5 years.
Started at one third and peaked at three thirds
Fell from 30% to just over 20%
Example task
Note: This task is not an official Cambridge task, this is for practice purposes only.
The line graph below shows exports of rubber ducks from 2013 to 2017.
Fill in the gaps.
Exports of rubber ducks in the USA ____ 2013 started ____ 10,000 units and then _______ to around 15,000 units. After that, the figure _______ _____ until 2015 and ______ ____ by 2016 to approximately 13,000 units. However, ______ 2016 ___ 2017 exports _______ _____ ending ___ around 2,000 units.
In contrast, the proportion of rubber duck exports from the EU in 2013 amounted to 30, 000 units and ______ _______ but then _______ somewhat ____ 2015 to 21,000 units. Subsequently, exports ______ ______ to over 33,000 units in 2016 and _______ at 40,000 units ____ 2017. Regarding the UK, export figures accounted for 20,000 in 2013 and after a slight dip ______ _______ every year ______ 2014 comprising 40,000 units ____ 2017.
Further practice
Writing task 1 vocabulary: ‘number, total, amount, figure, accounted for’